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Sandelzhausen is an Early/Middle Miocene (Mammal Neogene zone MN5) fossil site near Mainburg, S Germany, that despite its small size harbors a rich fossil record. Thousands of fossil continental mollusks, almost exclusively pulmonate snails, were recovered during the excavations, but did not receive much attention from researchers. Here, the first part of a formal taxonomic treatment of Sandelzhausen’s...
Theropod dinosaur teeth from a Lower Cretaceous karst filling in Devonian reef limestone (Massenkalk) located near the village of Balve on the northern margin of the Rhenish Massif, Germany, are described. Palynological evidence indicates that the karst filling took place during the Late Barremian to (Early) Aptian time interval. Palaeontological excavations carried out during several years at the...
A new genus and species of a rhynchonellide brachiopod from the Jurassic of Jordan, Talexirhynchia kadishi gen. et sp. nov., is described. The specimens were collected from the Mughanniyya Formation (Callovian) of Wadi Zarqa from alternating claystones, siltstones, and marly limestones with minor dolomite, dolomitic limestone, and coquinas that represent the upper part of the Jurassic...
A belemnite fauna collected in the lowermost Toarcian succession that crops out near Moulay Idriss (northern Morocco) is studied in this article. This is the first palaeontological study of Early Toarcian belemnites from Northern Africa, i.e., the northeastern margin of the Gondwana, in connexion with Tethys. Four species of the family Passaloteuthidae Naef, 1922, have been identified: ...
The Silurian genus Castellaroina and related leptostrophiids are reviewed and partially redescribed from the La Chilca, Los Espejos and Tambolar Formations of the Argentine Precordillera. The La Chilca Formation contains Eostropheodonta chilcaensis chilcaensis (Benedetto) and the new subspecies Eostropheodonta chilcaensis parvula of Rhuddanian and Aeronian–Telychian...
The fissure fills of Walbeck, northwest of Halle, have produced one of the largest known assemblages of Paleocene vertebrates and the only one of this age from Germany. Nearly 6,000 mammalian specimens have been identified, almost half of which represent small mammals of less than 500 g, the majority probably weighing <100 g. We describe here for the first time >350 postcranial elements...
Conodont investigations of the tetrapod-bearing lower Middle Devonian strata in the Holy Cross Mountains (SE Poland) furnished new data on morphological variability and phylogenetic affinities of the early bipennatid form, B. montensis (Weddige 1977), the latter raised herein to species level. B. montensis , and the genus Bipennatus in general, probably developed...
A reassessment of Glaphyrites material from the Late Carboniferous of Uruguay, famous for being the first ammonite described with the complete buccal mass in situ (also referred to Eoasianites earlier), indicates that the structures recorded as opercula or anaptychi, respectively, by earlier authors in several of the Glaphyrites specimens are rather to be...
Skeletal pathologies and oral disease are largely unexplored in fossil carnivores. Dental abnormalities, fractures, trauma, supernumerary teeth, tumours, periodontitis, and other bacterial infections are some of the diseases that leave traces on fossilized skulls, but their identification is not always possible by external observation on the specimen. Moreover a large number of pathologies are “hidden”,...
The rare belemnite Rhabdobelus avena (Dumortier in Mayer, 1869) is described for the first time from Tethyan sediments of the Central Apennines (Bosso river valley) and western Sicily (Rocca Busambra). These records extend the stratigraphic occurrence of Rhabdobelus Naef, 1922 from the Upper Toarcian to the uppermost Lower Bajocian. Systematic review of the genus Rhabdobelus enables recognition of...
Extant cats inhabit different kinds of habitat, for example open landscapes, forests, and rocky mountainous areas. In this study, the radius and ulna of extant felids were investigated to identify ecomorphological adaptations to different habitats. Simple scatter plots and multivariate analyses (factor analysis, discriminant function analysis) revealed two distinct clusters of cats preferring open...
Amphibetulimus krasnolutskii is known from the Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) Itat Formation of Krasnoyarsk Territory, West Siberia, Russia, by several edentulous and three dentigerous dental fragments, preserving p1, antepenultimate, and ultimate lower molars, and by an upper molar. It is unique among stem therians by widely open trigonids on the posterior lower molars, paraconids that are higher than...
New material on anguines is described from two Lower Miocene localities in Northwest Bohemia in the Czech Republic: Merkur (MN 3) and Dolnice (MN 4). Although the material is disarticulated, it was possible to assign several elements to one species based on similar ornamentation of the skull roof bones and similar morphology of the teeth. Two new species, Ophisaurusholeci nov. sp. and Pseudopus rugosus...
In 1980, in the Lingquan Strip Mine of Zhalainuoer, Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region, China, two partial skeletons of Mammuthus trogontherii were unearthed and subsequently stored at the Inner Mongolian Museum in Hohhot. In March 1984, an almost complete skeleton of M. trogontherii was recovered in the same coal mine. This third steppe mammoth skeleton (Zhalainuoer III) is now exhibited at the Zhalainuoer...
We report new discoveries of eomyid rodents from the Valley of Lakes (Central Mongolia) yielded by diverse layers ranging in age from the Early Oligocene (local biozone A) to the Late Miocene (local biozone E). The remains of eomyid rodents are relatively rare compared to other groups of fossil rodents found in the same region. All together, eight taxa have been identified: Eomys cf. orientalis (biozone...
New material from the Late Devonian Witpoort Formation (Witteberg Group, Cape Supergroup) of Waterloo Farm (Grahamstown, South Africa) includes teeth, spines, and rare endoskeletal remains of early chondrichthyans. Plesioselachus, formerly described from Waterloo Farm, is redescribed and reinterpreted on the basis of new specimens. A new species of Antarctilamna is reported and described for the first...
Palaeotis weigelti is a flightless, “ratite”-like palaeognathous bird, which occurs in the Middle Eocene of the German fossil sites Messel and the Geisel Valley. The species is known from several specimens, most of which are, however, very fragmentary or poorly preserved. Its phylogenetic affinities are controversial, with earlier authors especially considering close affinities to Struthionidae and...
Remains of a large sarcopterygian were collected in the Middle-Late Devonian Zarand Formation of Southeastern Iran. These remains consist of incomplete jaw bones of uncertain identification, preserved in a dense and heterogeneous rock matrix. The use of CT scan microtomography and 3D visualization enabled unraveling their overall anatomy as well as the microstructure of one tooth. This large tooth...
A replacement name, Struvephacops nom. nov., is proposed for the Early Devonian phacopid trilobite Cultrops Struve, 1995. The name was preoccupied by the recent freshwater fish Cultrops Smith, 1938 (Actinopterygii, Cyprinodae), which in turn is considered as a junior synonym of Paralaubuca Bleeker, 1863.
European Late Miocene avian faunas are very insufficiently known. Until now, no Mio-Pliocene birds have been described from the eastern part of the Eastern Paratethys, and the entire record of birds from the Eastern Paratethys is restricted to several poorly described taxa from Ukraine and Moldova. Here we describe the remains of three bird species from the recently discovered Late Miocene vertebrate...
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